Prison Reform is Necessary Must Focus on Respect for...

Prison Reforms A Prison Reform is defined as the act of improving the surroundings in which prisoners are exposed to while in prisons, with an aim of administering an effective and efficient punishment to the inmate. The reforms are carried out with major goal of ensuring that the various regulations stipulated in prison manuals, sentence that are to be delivered in courts and all other kinds of legislations are effected to the letter. With the reforms, a new direction of the penalty system is attained in each prison. This penalty system differs from the former system that normally has the perception that the lives of inmates are not important. The system gives an eminent significance to the live of the inmate in society as well as the†¦show more content†¦Various issues and matters need to be campaigned for, these include: intensive campaign to the end of administering of death sentences to the inmates, formulating and structuring a legislation that does not inhibit the for mer inmates from getting access to jobs, shelter, and enjoying various privileges in the public welfare kitty. Also putting into place separate courts to deal with hearings of inmates with special needs such as mental and health, lobbying for the Board of Pardons to listen to all hearings, especially those of inmates who may be subjected to life sentences, influencing and campaigning for changes in the legislative in sections of first probation inmate for â€Å"good time† behavior, and regular meetings with senior prison staff members to advocate for reform . Prison reforms have no stipulated time in the calendar year of when they should be carried out. The time is now if at all the prison situation is not updated to the current trend of humane care in prison. This will be for the betterment of improvement of human life in all sectors of life. The rule of laws will also prevail and be respected at the awakening call of reforms in all prisons. The reforms are a respect of huma n life and thus they need to be carried out throughout in all prisons. For any unexpected situation arising in a prison environment calls for reformsShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Rights1971 Words   |  8 PagesConcept of human rights Human rights are almost a form of religion in today s world. They are the great ethical yardstick that is used to measure a government s treatment of its people. A broad consensus has emerged in the twentieth century on rhetoric that frames judgment of nations against an international moral code prescribing certain benefits and treatment for all humans simply because they are human. 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They are calling for an evaluation of policies which continue to increase incarceration and improvement of criminal justice as this population reaches historical high level in America. There are over 2 million individuals housed in national j ails or prisons and nearly 5 million individuals on parole or probation. UnitedRead MoreWho Is The Leader?1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfiltration, pesticides and education. (McNeil, 2014, para. 1) Sensing victory, the Center is â€Å"Leading a coalition that has reduced incidence of Guinea worm disease from an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986 to 126 today, making it likely to be the first human disease since smallpox to be eradicated.† (, n.d., p. 1) Leaders are responsible for creating inspiring, obtainable vision. 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Controlling Process

Question: Explainnature of Controlling Process. Answer: I have opted for Operations management course; it is an enormous discipline that enables managers make important strategic decisions. Operations management encompasses various fields of managerial activities that primarily relate to production activities of an organization. An integral part of operations management is controlling process, which is of immense interest to me. The topic includes various measures that are adopted by companies in order to regulate and control their standards in products and services. Every organization needs to apply a quality control check in the products or services that it delivers to the market. My topic pertains to understanding and applying various controlling process on a business activities. Organizations primarily monitor processes, output and environment to the desired levels, in order to evaluate that the strategy has been optimal in achieving goals. The process includes application of various statistical and analytical measures in order to com pare performances, which will be my area of learning in the course. Organizations fix a standards in each and every process, quality and levels of output. My area of learning in Controlling Process will be practically relevant as every organization uses some or the other form of Controlling Process in order to improve and adhere to quality norms and standards. Quality has become an important parameter in delivering value to customers and Controlling Process enables to apply the process in practicality. The field and nature of study that I will be taught in class in Controlling Process will predominantly be theories and statistical measures for measurement. The various professors who will be teaching the course will provide Case Study examples, handouts and the library contains huge amount of books, journals, company magazines regarding Controlling Process, which will help in enhancing knowledge. Through my practical experience I will apply the theoretical knowledge that I gain from the course. Applying Controlling Process to professional practice Controlling processes has vast application in professional field, and I aim to become a Controlling Process manager post completion of my course. In my future professional role I can take up responsibilities in comparison of desired quality against set benchmarks, which is an important area of Controlling Process. Controlling process is applied in organization such that conformation to overall quality and other ISO norms as laid down by quality standards boards can be met. Any discrepancy in standard against output leads to rejection in Controlling Process and I will take care in applying such standards in my professional field. Controlling process are an integral part of an organization as stakeholders evaluate the detailed reports on the controlling process applied by organizations. I will learn the various controlling process as applied companies, especially from my senior managers and colleagues who highlighted the main areas of controlling process that organizations apply. I nee d to learn benchmarking, balanced scorecards and ISO norms. I also need to understand and able to prepare balanced scorecards for companys processes such that they could conform to the ISO norms. I need to gain professional experience in fields of Benchmarking and learn the ways and methods that organizations undertake for developing suitable benchmarks. I need to also learn how control charts are created using statistical data and techniques, in the Controlling Process department of the organization. Self-reflection practice to managerial workThe learning from the course in Operations Management as well as from professional experience will be vast and there will be transfer of knowledge and skills. Learning Controlling Process has huge applicability in professional field and if I am able to apply the process correctly then can become Controlling Process Manager within a short duration. The various Controlling Process needs to be learnt as it is important in discharging managerial r oles and duties. Managers in organizations need to have adequate understanding regarding various Controlling Process as it helps maintain product and service quality. Organizations apply Controlling Process and each and every level such that they can conform to ISO norms. ISO norms have become an integral part of compliance for organizations. In my course I need to learn in details the various ISO norms that can be applied for necessary Controlling Process in the organization. The course content that I am going to undertake will be highly useful in making me understand and highlight the various facets of Controlling Process. My learning from the course will help me establish my career in this field in a managerial role and strive further. I will acquire in-depth understanding and knowledge of the various techniques that are used in Controlling Process, which will act as an additional advantage in my professional life.

Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Methodology Findings Discussion.  Intercultural communication Conclusions Works Cited Abstract This academic paper looks into interpersonal communication and the issues that affect it or are in play when it is present within the workplace. The paper tries to answer whether different cultures have an effect on interpersonal communication at the workplace and whether evolving processes that enlarge the culture by building on its strengths and functional elements have a positive impact.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result the research paper looks into how business owners can utilize interpersonal communication and the different cultures at work to both theirs and employees’ advantage to creating a conducive and motivated working environment Introduction The busines s under case study has been in existence for slightly more than one year. It is a general practitioner business engaged in medical consultation. Mr. Smith the owner of the PharmaMed General Practitioners, states that it is a fulfilling venture as for both him and his employees. Subsequently, he and his employees are able to interact with people of various and diverse cultures that come to seek solutions for a myriad of medical issues. The business has five employees both full time and part time. Communication models are very useful tools which enable us to come to terms with elusive or intricate concepts. Communication theory has engendered many models, most notably the transmission approach and the transactional approach Methodology Data for this study was obtained through interviewing the owner and proprietor of the business. A set of questions was prepared by the interviewer to guide in the obtaining of information about inter personal communication in an intercultural setting. T he interview was explained to the reasons of the interview and the need for the specific information being searched for (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 79). The findings were then later compiled and presented in a write up that clearly outlined intercultural/interpersonal communication and its benefits in the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research was based on finding out the impact of diversity in culture within the workplace. The research respondent (interviewee) was asked a number of questions in regards to communication issues he encounters on a day to day basis at his workplace. It was perceived that the interviewee had information at hand regarding his business organization and on the required questions as this had been explained before hand while scheduling for the interview. Findings The study found out that there is need for further study and research on multicultural placed business organizations. This is due to the fact that the work place today does not only contain people from the same culture but a diverse grouping. The study also found out that the client base is also culturally diversified and there is need for employees to be well informed on how to deal with various cultures (Novinger, 57). The academic study also found out that from the information obtained from the interviewee, most local clients were made up of various cultures and understanding them was not all that easy but the employees did their best to serve them. The research found out that the world today is faced with a myriad of issues stemming up from a misunderstanding of the multicultural workplace. Discussion.  Intercultural communication Cultures vary quite extensively as is the case shown by the case study here. Among the employees and also among those that come for services from the business. Previous studies suggest that being objective about cultu re is utterly impossible. This is attributed to the fact that one is surrounded by their own personal culture to a point that it feels like that is what is only there and everyone should adhere to it. It becomes rather hard for people to appreciate other cultures apart from their own (Neuliep 66). Therefore this brings out the need for intercultural compounded with interpersonal communication especially within the work place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, first one has to understand what intercultural communication is and entails. In today’s globalised world that is business oriented and driven overseas business trips and globalization are an integral part of many business organizations (Jandt 134). The skill of managing intercultural relations, and predicting intercultural issues should be an integral part for all business managers. The need for intercultural communication is driven by the astonishing levels of perception into the realities of this globalised world brought about by the diverse cultures. Each person has his or her own cultural value system, ways of doing things, beliefs, and preferences. When communicating with these people it is important to know what and how to say things, how to organize things, and what to take into account, or (expensive) mistakes might be made (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 133). To be able to set up an organization in this multicultural world a business manager should be able to identify and explain the importance of improved intercultural communication skills within businesses and be able to appreciate the advantages of a diversified workforce in their specific industry and other industries in the business world (Sarbaugh 121). In addition to this, an understanding business manager who is sensitive to existing cultural background of others esp ecially his employees, is able to adjust the suggestions one wants to make to the existing constraints and limitations that face the existence of an organization (Scollon Scollon 187). This creates a better working environment for employees. These elements underline the importance of being able to manage intercultural communication issues (Trenholm Jensen 97). As the world becomes increasingly globalised; and information communication technology erodes borders, intercultural communication becomes increasingly important for any manager, especially in the world of business (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 22).Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key concept to retain in communication, is that no one component of communication – 1. The emotional [non-verbal]; 2.the cognitive [verbal] and 3.the philosophical [discourse] – functions in isolation for very long. Unless a handicap is present, an individual operates from all three sectors whenever he/she is communicating. Conclusions Intercultural communication is necessary at the workplace as a business manager is able to tap on the emotional strength of their employees to manage both their own and their clients anxiety as learning and change become more and more a part of life. Making use of interpersonal and intercultural communication helps the business to practice empathy and to see the world as others see it, and understand others’ behavior from their perspective. Development of new skills in studying cultural postulations; recognizing functional and dysfunctional postulations and surfacing developments that make bigger the culture by engaging its po tency and functional elements are vital elements for the business mix in today’s globalized business world. Works Cited Jandt, Fred. Intercultural communication: a global reader. Teller Road: SAGE, 2004. Print. Neuliep, James. Intercultural communication: a contextual approach. Teller Road: Sage, 2008. Print. Novinger, Tracy. Intercultural communication: a practical guide. El Paso: University of Texas Press, 2001. Print. 210 pages Samovar, Larry, Porter, Richard McDaniel, Edwin. Communication Between Cultures, New York: Cengage Learning, 2001. Print. Samovar, Larry, Porter, Richard McDaniel, Edwin. Intercultural Communication: A Reader. New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Sarbaugh, Luke. Intercultural communication. Piscataway Township: Transaction Publishers, 1988. Print. Scollon, Ronald, Scollon, Suzanne. Intercultural communication: a discourse approach San Francisco: Wiley-Blackwell, 2001. Print. Trenholm, Sarah, Jensen, Arthur. Interpersonal communication New Yo rk: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. This essay on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place was written and submitted by user Green Heron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

New Report Reveals Insights About Job Hopping Across Generations

New Report Reveals Insights About Job Hopping Across Generations We’re all familiar with the narrative: Baby Boomers are devoted workaholics, Gen Xers are ambitious revenue generators, Millennials are entitled and disloyal, and Gen Zers, who are only just entering the workforce now, are likely to be even more opportunistic than their older counterparts. The idea that the generation you belong to impacts your tendency to job hop is a popular opinion. But for the most part, it’s also just that: opinion. In fact, recent studies have shown that the notion that younger generations are less likely to stick around than Baby Boomers and Gen Xers is something of a myth. And now, thanks to LiveCareer’s 2018 Job-Hopping Report, we have a whole new heap of insights on this topic.The analysis investigated job churn across the four generations mentioned above – Baby Boomers (1946 to 1964); Gen Xers (1965 to 1980); Millennials (1981 to 1997); and Gen Zers (1998 to present) – while also looking at trends by occupation and educat ion level. What it found was that yes, younger generations do appear to spend less time in positions than their older colleagues – Gen Zers’ average job tenure is 1.2 years, millennials’ is 2.4, Gen Xers’ is 5.4, and Baby Boomers’ is 8. A comparison of the number of positions held over the past five years across generations paints a similar picture.But, according to the report, the dynamics that inform this pattern have very little to do with cohort membership.It’s about career maturation, not generation Findings suggest that this trend is more linked to life and career stage than generational factors. In other words, millennials and Gen Zers aren’t more likely to jump ship just because they are millennials and Gen Zers, but rather because they’re younger and at an earlier juncture in their careers. In fact, longitudinal surveys reveal that older generations were just as flighty when they were young professionals in a similar p hase of their work life.The report concludes that as employees move further along their career path, they tend to stay longer in roles. This is supported by data that shows that the job-hopping inclination of software developers (the vast majority of whom are Millennials) trends downwards when comparing the past two years of their careers to the past five.So, the good news for all you younger workers is that you now have a strong counterargument when someone labels millennials as the job-hopping generation. But that doesn’t mean you can relax entirely. There is another demographic factor that is, apparently, a good gauge of job-hopping tendencies, and that’s education.  The curse of being too educated  Simply put, the analysis found that the more educated you are, the more likely you are to change jobs regularly – a high school graduate, for instance, tends to stay put for longer than someone with a bachelor’s degree. This trend is linked to another f inding that today, across a range of occupations, job seekers often possess a higher level of education than is required.For example, blue-collar workers, like servers, cashiers, bartenders, and caregivers, list higher education qualifications when they build a resume 8.3x more often than blue-collar employers include them as requirements in job ads.As being overqualified is linked to an affinity for job hopping, possessing a degree you don’t need for a position might damage your chances of getting the job. And because millennials are more educated than previous generations (65% have a higher education, as compared to 57.2% of Gen Xers and 48.5% of Baby Boomers), they’re most likely to be hit the hardest by this truth.  To list or not to list qualifications on your resume? So, what do you do if you’ve gone to the trouble of earning a degree, but the job you want doesn’t call for one? To avoid being seen as a potential flight risk, consider leaving your higher education off your resume – particularly if you’re applying for a non-professional role. We’re not promoting dishonesty, but it may be in your interest to play down your qualifications in the earlier stages of the job application process to at least get an interview.You can take this one step further when it comes to professional certifications and licenses – don’t even enroll for them if they’re not requirements. While there are some fields where employers do value these credentials, the report indicates that there are also jobseekers in many roles who have poured time and money into training that most hiring managers don’t find valuable. These include administrative assistants, bartenders, cashiers, store managers, customer service representatives, sales associates and software developers.In particular, if you’re one of the last three, it’s probably not worth investing in costly certificates and testing at all.à ‚   Not one job ad examined for these professions made mention of any certifications or licenses, so attaining one is not only unnecessary but could make you appear overqualified.  The answer lies in the job ad The best way to know whether you should or shouldn’t list your degree on your resume or sign up for that certificate program is to carefully examine job ads. And not just the ad for the role you’re currently eyeing; scrutinize a wide range of postings relevant to your field and take note of the highest level of education listed and of any credentials regularly cited as must-haves.  By doing so, you’ll get a good idea of the kind of qualifications employers consider critical. And if you pitch yourself at this level and make sure your resume closely matches requirements, you can avoid being labeled a job hopper, regardless of your generation.Discover additional findings on job hopping, plus a free PDF download of the full report, via this link: 2018 Job -Hopping Report.LiveCareer offers assistance to job seekers at every step of the journey. Access free  resume templates  and  resume examples, plus a  cover letter builder  and advice on how to answer  interview questions  of all stripes.

State and Country Physical Geography powerpoint and short essat Presentation

State and Country Physical Geography and short essat - PowerPoint Presentation Example For Maritime zone, the range of temperature ranges from about 60 0F during summer and 20 0F at winter seasons. In the transition region, the temperature ranges from a low of 60 0F to a low of up to 0 0F. On the other hand, the temperatures for the maritime continental region range a low of 60 0F to -10 0F. Finally, the slopes of the arctic region range between over 40 0F to up to -20 0F. The precipitation of the maritime region gives rise to more than 200 inches of precipitation with the major form of precipitation being the snow fall. The regions receiving this amount of precipitation includes; southern panhandle and northern part of the Alaskan Gulf. However, on the Alaskan Range at the Peninsula and the island of the Aleutian which are both at the south of Alaska, the amount of precipitation reduces to about 60 inches. While you move at the north, the amount of precipitation reduces greatly up to about 12 inches at the continental region (Swaney 33). The amount of precipitation reduces even further to up to less than 6 inches towards and in the arctic region. Over the last seven days (from 4th to 10th April), Alaska capita Juneau has recorded the highest temperature of 52 0F and a low of 29 0F (Wallendorf 201). However, the capital has not experienced any form of precipitation in the last seven days. Due to very low precipitation amounts, the Alaskan tundra may seem to appear desolate and barren with very few plant species. However, there are a few plant species that include; Tufted Saxifrage, Caribou Moss, Bearberry, and the arctic Willow. Alaska experiences strong winds especially in areas having an extremely cold temperature. These strong winds pose threats to people when they get exposed even for a short time. There is also a strong storm that is seasonal. The storm emanates from the Bering Sea and moves north or sometimes northeastward. Other environmental threats include; the continuous

Dubai International airport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dubai International airport - Essay Example The main research questions that shall be answered during the investigation are: †¢Does the service offered by emirates airline organization meet the standard and expectations of its customers? †¢Does the organization have excellent facilities that ensure their airplanes are always in good shape to ensure the safety of their customers? †¢What are the measures that the organization has put in place to ensure customer satisfaction? The objectives of the research will be: 1)To determine the services offered by the organization and whether they meet the standards and expectation of their customers. 2)To evaluate the available facilities in the organization for servicing and repairing airplanes to ensure safety of their customers. 3)To determine the measures put in place by the organization to ensure customer satisfaction. The intended research on the operations of the Emirates airline is important in determining the experience of the customers. While utilizing their services and the role the airline organization play in ensuring that the customers’ satisfaction is achieved in carrying out this research, I as a student of business studies will also gain a lot of important knowledge on what it takes to run such a big organization that serves many people daily and the various measures that can be utilized in successfully satisfying customers derived from different backgrounds and cultures. The emirates airline is an organization in the airline industry that has its headquarters based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. In the Middle East, this is the major airline company with over 2500 flights weekly to over 100 destinations in six continents in 74 countries (Emirate airline, 2005).

The economic crisis and Hospitality Industry in EU Essay Example for Free

The economic crisis and Hospitality Industry in EU Essay The report prepared on the Economic crisis and the hospitality industry in Europe, is an attempt to have an insight on the major reasons responsible for the economic crisis in the European Hospitality sector. It also takes the attentions towards the effective and strong measures taken by the Nation at the EU level and the national level to survive during the bad economy time. It was identified that the option of reducing their operating costs was one of major strategies followed by the enterprises in the tourism sector of Europe, along with this the economic crisis gave a strong reason for the small enterprises to review their business methodologies so as to be able to manage their business during the crisis period and also to increase the ratio of their profitability in the future times to come. The European Hospitality sector has survived in the year 2009 and it is pacing towards the recovery path in the current year. Studies reveal that the European hospitality industry will be able to stabilise itself by year 2011 and it is sure that Europe will definitely be able to bring back its economy as they all stand united at times of need. Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said â€Å"Yes, Europe has the unity, the confidence and determination to win this battle†. Introduction Global economy crisis has left no sector untouched but it can be argued and debated over that the most adversely affected sector in Europe is the entertainment and tourism sector. In other words, we can straight away state that Europe’s Hospitality industry is the most badly hit sector in the economic crisis. The prime reason related with this is that the leisure and tourism get immediately and easily affected with the economic fluctuations going on in any country or location. Almost all the travel activities require an optimal amount of expenditure to be made by an individual for the fun, entertainment and relaxation of his family or friends and people are comfortable spending money for fun only at the favourable economic times. At the time of recession or the economic crisis, they would rather prefer to save their money for the unforeseen hard times that they might have to face in their future time to come. Thus they might consider saving their extra money for their basic necessities like shelter, food and other family requirements. Although, this does not mean that people stop travelling completely but their frequency of travelling might get a bit down because of the economic fluctuation and the tourists and travellers might adapt the idea of spending bit less on travel than their planned expenditure. Experts state that the tourism and hospitality business that can adapt to the situation that they can provide the best quality of services and customer satisfaction on a tighter budget too can only survive at the time of economic crisis. There is a possibility that the customers/travellers do not expect luxurious kind of services but would be interested if they get the low cost services and this fundamental fits perfectly to the airline and the hospitality industry of Europe, too. Trevor J Ward, Managing Director, W Hospitality Group, told that there has been a loss of confidence in the whole banking system in Europe, which has reduced lending to businesses and individuals, and this reduction in credit is affecting businesses and consumers alike. The fall in the house prices has affected the other business activities and consumer spending too and it has in a way affected the European hotel industry. HOTREC (Confederation of the National Hotel and Restaurant Associations in the EC) HOTREC is the name for the trade association of hotels, restaurants and cafes in Europe. They have combined together 40 national hospitality associations in around 24 countries across Europe. European hospitality industry comprises of almost 9. 5 million workers having network of Around 1. 7 million enterprises. HOTREC works towards the objective to promote the hospitality industry in Europe. Their motive of execution is to create more number of jobs for the European people and thus boost the economy of Europe by enabling the hotels, restaurants and cafes to create more job opportunities. HOTREC works extensively towards achieving a competitive and stable tourism industry in Europe. All the policies are made and implemented by HOTREC with the vision to encourage the creation of environment positive for the development of the hospitality sector. The Economic crisis and the hospitality industry The economic crisis has left no sector untouched and so the European hospitality industry is no less affected with this economic crisis. There are various zones or segments of the tourism industry that has got badly hit with this crisis. It has directly affected the business travels which were quite frequent in Europe and was a key contributor in the profit earning of the European hotels and cafes but with this crisis the industry has seen tremendous fall down in the business travel of the people coming to Europe. Not only the business travels, but the business events like the conferences, the presentations and the seminars which were quite in trend in Europe also got severely affected with the economic crisis and this again has brought the profitability graph of the European Hotels and cafes. It is true that the although the industry has experienced a slowdown in the business travels and the business events, people are still trying to figure out the best deals in the lowest possible rates that fit to their budget and serve their purpose too as they are able to let their business function smoothly irrespective of this economic crisis. They also try to find out the hotels which can provide them with the basic services without asking them to pay a hefty amount for their stay in the hotel. In a survey conducted by DLA PIPER 2009, the respondents were asked the major reasons for their lack of confidence in the Europeans hospitality industry during this economic crisis and the survey consisted of a couple of questionnaires like the Struggling European economy, Lack of liquidity, Current operating performance of hotels, Time and cost restraints on consumer travel, Reduced business travel, Lack of confidence in Europe’s political leaders, Struggling US economy etc. Around 43% of the people considered lack of liquidity and almost 33% considered the struggling European economy to be the major contributors to the rapid downfall in the confidence level. A study stated that out of many other reasons required to cope up with the effect of economic crisis in the hospitality industry in Europe the low cost of credit can be considered to be an effective step fighting against the crisis of funds and it is believed that the European commercial banks will be the most active type of lender in the European hospitality industry in the coming year as they will work towards lowering their cost of credit and thus it will be beneficial to the hospitality sector which is struggling due to the economic crisis. Data about European Hospitality industry This question is of major concern that that how long will this economic crisis go and how will all the European sectors survive in this bad economy when the entire world is getting affected with this global economic crisis. Despite other sectors, the European hotel industry is getting severely hit with this crisis and this can be well understood by the data illustrated below. An analysis done by IMF, stated that Europe’s biggest economy, Germany will get severely affected during this crisis with a 5. 6-percent GDP decline in 2009 and a 1. 0-percent dip in 2010, while the GDP in the euro area, completely is expected to be going down to 4. 2 percent in 2009 and 0. 4 percent in 2010. The data reveals that the GDP rate will go down by 1. 5% in last quarter of the year as compared to the third quarter which is definitely a sign of concern and effective steps required to be taken to come out of this problem. Talking about the unemployment figures in the European hospitality sector in the year 2009, as compared to the numbers of year 2008, the statistics show that there will be a rise in the unemployment from 6,8% to 7,6% in EU27 and it will go up from 7,2% to 8,2% in Euro area. It is a matter of great concern and worry for the government of any country when they are experiencing a steady downfall in their GDP and their graph of unemployment is going high in any of its business sectors and that calls for the time when they all need to unite together to fight against this severe crisis as this is the indication of a very big crisis for that particular nation and the data clearly states that Europe is struggling badly with this situation and needs remedial measures which are effective enough to bring Europe’s hospitality industry to come out of this situation. The data also describes that there has been a visible drop in the European economic sentiment indicator which is also an important reason of the low confidence in the European hospitality industry. Figures state that the Economic Sentiment indicator, in short termed as ESI went down by 2. 2 points while it was earlier stable at 61. 0 points during Janaury-09 –February 09 in EU27. While it went down from 65. 4 points to 63. 6 points thus showing a downfall of 1,8 points in the Euro area. When the entire globe is suffering from this problem of recession and bad economy, Europe is also facing the hit back in the tourism industry. A study revealed that the tourism prospects in the year 2009, for European cities will be a stage of stagnation or it may even go down by around 3% than the earlier times and figures. A survey conducted by Deloitte and Touche on the European hotels revealed that the occupancy rate of rooms in the hotels of Europe went down from 69. 3% in the year 2007 to 66. 9% in the year 2008. Although all the major cities of Europe have suffered due to this crisis but the most badly affected cities are Rome, Dublin and Prague. According to the Eurobarometer survey conducted on the 27,000 tourists coming to 27 EU countries for their holidays with family and friends in the year 2009 , the study reflected that around 1/3 of the people stated that there has been a drastic change in the plans which they make for their travel and leisure by decreasing their accommodation cost budget, out of which around 38% belonged to the category of completely swiping out the option of going to Europe for their holidays, others stated that there will be no change in their cost of accommodation budget due to this economic crisis. The study also stated that to fight against this crisis and still not completely go away with their idea of going on holidays, they would rather do little bit of adjustments and comprises to fit the holiday budget to their pocket. 15% of the surveyors stated that they would save on accommodation, 23% mentioned that they would prefer to go on vacation in the low season when the prices will automatically come down and they do not need to cut down on their estimated budget, 23% mentioned that they would try to cut down on their restaurant expenses and 30% mentioned to cut down their shopping budget to manage their vacation and enjoy with their families and friends. Economic Crisis with low confidence The Economic crisis when followed with the lowering of confidence in any sector becomes a reason of great concern and worry for the government of any nation and the situations like this needs an immediate attention and plan of action as if it is not dealt in time it may lead to adverse consequences for the economy of any nation. Such thing was experienced by the European hospitality industry in the year 2009. The data gathered by DLA Piper 2009, Europe Hospitality Outlook survey on the reasons of low confidence on the European hospitality industry during the time of economic crisis were found to be Struggling European economy, current operating performance of hotels, time and cost restraints on consumer travel, Lack of liquidity (debt or equity), Struggling US economy, Reduced business travel and last but not the least Lack of confidence in Europe’s political leaders. A survey done by DLA Piper’s 2009 Europe Hospitality Outlook Survey stated that almost 84 % of participants consider the European hospitality market to be bearish. Majority of the participants of the survey did not expect the European hospitality industry to come back to its original state until year 2011. Almost 70% of the people have cut down on their business travel due to the economic crisis. The survey also tried to gather numbers regarding the investment options in the European hotel industry and it found that around 71% of respondents believe that investment in Sustainable hotel development is a long-term trend. And there is a widespread risk of bankruptcy for European hotel chains. The major concern of the participants was the clause passed by EU Parliament regarding the potential removal of an EU country’s right to opt-out from the Working Time Directive which limits to an employee’s working hours to forty eight hours only. They mentioned this to be a very strong reason to put a negative impact on the European hospitality industry. Recovery Plans of European Hospitality Industry It is a fact that the European hospitality industry, along with the other sectors has suffered major setbacks in the year 2009 due to the economic crisis and this can be well described and understood by the data gathered by DLA Piper 2009, Europe Hospitality Outlook survey. The survey revealed that almost 84% of the participants mentioned the European hospitality market to be the bearish one when queried regarding their confidence in the European economy they stated Expected rebound of European economy, Foreign investment in European market, Abundance of equity capital available for investment, Expected rebound of US economy, Investment opportunities created by financial crisis and Confidence in Europe’s political leaders as the factors that in any situation will let the European hospitality industry come out of any such crisis in the present time and in the future times to come. European hospitality industry along with the major tourism associations like WTTC, UNWTO, HOTREC and PASTA are quite optimistic towards the idea that European hospitality sector will be able to cope up with this economic crisis and will easily survive this hard economic time. European tourism sector has faced a lot of obstacles till the time it has reached the 21st Century and developed such face of tourism for the entire world. Although, it is a true fact that this sector will go through hard times in the next coming months but the enterprises which are flexible enough to adapt to the required business model and plan their strategies keeping in mind the existing scenario will easily be able to survive and develop a strong platform for their existence in the long run in the European Hospitality industry. The recovery plan to successfully face the problem of economic crisis has been divided into a few segments or divisions so as to leave no stone unturned to fight with this scenario and bring back the economy to its stable state. It was segmented as 1. Recovery at EU level 2. Recovery at National Level We will discuss in brief the steps and measures taken at both the levels to beat the Economic crisis. 1. Recovery at EU level The European government considered dealing with the economic crisis quite seriously and so they planned the various meetings of the EU heads of State. They all mutually agreed upon following three lines of actions so as to come out of this situation. First one was to promote the financial stability in such a way that the confidence level of the people gets a boost again on the government along with the European Economy which is badly affected with the economic crisis. Second plan of action was to get the real economy to the shape where it was earlier, and third one was the most important one. It was to stay tightly united to fight against the crisis and to work together at the global level. The third measure sounded bit simple to sate but it was the most effective plan of action to get out of such a critical situation. Several measures were taken by the Government at the EU level out of which one measure specifically taken by the EU state with regards to the hospitality industry was to change the existing VAT Rate system. The new provision stated that all the member states will be granted the permission to apply for a reduced VAT Rate for the restaurant services. The current provision had this option to only 11 members so now this will be applicable to all the member states in EU.